مدیریت ضایعات و پسماند های کشاورزی با استفاده از علم نانو
کلمات کلیدی:
ضایعات, زباله کشاورزی, بیوچار, نانوموادچکیده
کشاورزی، فعالیت های گوناگونی را در بر می گیرد که خاک را برای حمایت از بذرها یا گیاهچه ها تا زمان برداشت، آماده می کنند. برخی از این فعالیت های کشاورزی، منابع عمدۀ آلودگی در بخش کشاورزی هستند. بنابراین، تجمع ضایعاتِ کشاورزی که مدیریت سوء داشته اند، مشکلات زیست محیطی، به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه، ایجاد نموده است، ضایعات کشاورزی بقایایی هستند که در حین تولیدات کشاورزی و پس از برداشت میوه و سبزیجات و فرآوری آنها، و همچنین محصولات جانبی صنایع تبدیلی انگور، موز، زیتون و شیر به دست می آیند. این ضایعات زمانی که به جای سوزاندن در فضای باز که باعث ایجاد مشکلات زیست محیطی متعددی مانند تخریب خاک و آلودگی هوا می شود، به کاربردهای با ارزش مانند کمپوست، بیوچار، جاذب برای حذف آلاینده ها از محیط زیست و کودهای آلی تبدیل شوند، می توانند به عنوان گنجی ارزشمند تلقی شوند. دفع زباله های کشاورزی در محل های دفن زباله و تخلیه آن ها در فضای باز، رویه رایجی در کشورهای در حال توسعه است که منجر به تولید مقادیر زیادی خاکستر می شود که می تواند عمدتا به دلیل آلودگی آب های زیرزمینی، مشکلات جدی برای سلامتی و محیط زیست ایجاد کند. مدیریت رایج ضایعات کشاورزی ممکن است شامل موارد متعددی مانند تولید زیستی نانوذرات، محصولات بیوتکنولوژی، کمپوست سازی و تولید سوخت زیستی باشد. علاوه بر این، ترکیبات بیواکتیو زیادی را می توان از ضایعات کشاورزی به دست آورد که کاربردهای زیادی در زمینه های مواد غذایی کاربردی، دارویی و آرایشی دارد. مدیریت نانو ضایعات کشاورزی ممکن است شامل استفاده از فناوری نانو برای تبدیل ضایعات کشاورزی به یک محصول با ارزش باشد. این موضوع به خصوص تحت دیدگاه زیست اقتصاد سبز و پایدار، همچنان دارای سوالات زیادی است.
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