باسیلوس‌ها پروبیوتیکهای امید بخش در صنعت آبزی‌پروری
Keywords:
باسیلوس, پاکسازی زیستی, رشد, ایمنی, پروبیوتیکAbstract
گونه‌های باسیلوس باکتریهای هاگزایی هستند که در برابر شرایط تهاجمی فیزیکی و شیمیایی مقاوم بوده و گونه‌های مختلف آنها واجد ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی غیرعادی بوده بطوری که آنها را قادر به زنده ماندن در شرایط مختلف محیطی از جمله آبهای شیرین، رسوبات دریایی، ماسه‌های بیابانی، چشمه‌های آب گرم، خاک‌های قطبی و مجاری گوارشی ماهییان و سخت پوستان می نماید. باکتریهای باسیلوس قادر به تکثیر سریع و تحمل بسیاری از شرایط محیطی بوده و موجب طیف وسیعی از اثرات سودمند در بخش آبزی پروری می شوند. کاربرد گونه های باسیلوس به عنوان پروبیوتیک در خوراک یا برای تصفیه زیستی آبهای پرورشی آبزیان پتانسیل زیادی برای آبزی پروری پایدار ایجاد کرده است. گونه‌های باسیلوس ممکن است نقش مطلوبی در حذف مواد زائد از محیط‌های آبزی پروری، حفظ کیفیت بهینه آب و کاهش استرس داشته باشند که می‌تواند منجر به بهبود تعادل ایمنی وفیزیولوژی، رشد بهتر و افزایش بقا ماهیان و سخت پوستان می شوند. پروبیوتیکهای از نوع باسیلوس همچنین قادر به حفظ تراکم بالاتر باکتری های مفید و کاهش عوامل بیماری زا در استخرهای آبزی پروری می باشند. جزئیات نحوه عملکرد باکتریهای باسیلوس بر عملکردهای ایمنی و فیزیولوژی جانوران آبزی و همچنین عملکرد آنها به عنوان پاک کننده های زیستی آب از لحاظ کیفی نیاز به مطالعات بیشتری دارد. در این مقاله وجود گونه های باسیلوس در دستگاه گوارش ماهیان وسخت پوستان، توانایی آنها در تولید آنزیم‌ها و ترکیبات ضد باکتریایی، و کارایی و قدرت آنها به عنوان پروبیوتیک در آبزی پروری پرداخته خواهد شد.
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