اثرات آنتاگونیستی پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت بر باکتری‌های بیماری‌زای گرم منفی در شرایط برون‌تنی و اثر محفاظتی آن‌ها در شرایط درون‌تنی در ماهیان
Keywords:
باسیلوس, آنتاگونیست, پروبیوتیک, گرم مثبت, گرم منفیAbstract
مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که باکتری‌های گرم مثبت تاثیر خوبی در پیشگیری و کنترل شیوع بیماری‌ها در آبزی پروری دارند. ترکیبات فعال زیستی متنوعی مانند باکتریوسین‌ها، سیدروفورها، آنزیم‌ها و آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها توسط باکتری‌های گرم‌مثبت ترشح می‌شود که بر علیه بیماری‌زایی بالقوه باکتری‌های گرم منفی مانند ویبریو‌ها و آیروموناس‌ها اثرات قابل توجهی دارند به طوری که مانع از چسبندگی و تثبیت باکتری‌های بیماری زا در مخاط دستگاه گوارش می‌شوند. دهها گونه باکتری گرم‌مثبت به ویژه باسیلوس‌ها و باکتری‌های اسید لاکتیک از دستگاه گوارش آبزیان جدا سازی شده و نقش پروبیوتیکی آن‌ها در دهها گونه ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تصور می‌شود که که این پروبیوتیک‌ها با پاتوژن‌های گرم منفی در دستگاه گوارش مقابله کرده و با آن‌ها اثر آنتاگونیستی دارند. اگر چه پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت قادر به مهار رشد پاتوژن‌های گرم منفی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی هستند اما اطلاعات اندکی درباره حداقل غلظت مورد نیاز برای اثر بازدارندگی پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت در مقابل باکتری‌های گرم منفی بیماری‌زا وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، ترکیب پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت در آبزیان می‌تواند عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی ایمنی میزبان را بهبود بخشیده و مقاومت به بیماری را افزایش دهد. با این حال، درباره ارتباط اثرات آنتاگونیستی در شرایط برون تنی با اثرات محافظتی در شرایط درون تنی پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت اطلاعاتی وجود ندارد. برای مثال میزان دز مناسب آن‌ها در بیشتر مطالعات انجام شده مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است و داده های کمی برای نشان دادن رفتار رشد آن‌ها مانند اثرات هم افزایی یا آنتاگونیستی در دسترس است. این مطالعه به بررسی اثرات آنتاگونیستی در شرایط برون تنی، اثربخشی بالینی در شرایط درون تنی و تجویز پروبیوتیک‌های گرم مثبت در مقابل پاتوژن‌های گرم منفی در ماهیان پرداخته و سوالات و تحقیقات مورد نیاز آینده را مورد بحث قرار داده است.
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