A Systematic Review of the Effects of Nanofluids on Asphaltene Instability Control in the Oil Industry

Abstract

Asphaltenes are heavy and polar compounds found in crude oil that, under certain conditions, precipitate and cause issues such as pipeline blockages, reduced production efficiency, and increased operational costs. Traditional methods for asphaltene removal include the use of chemical inhibitors, heating, filtration, and altering operational conditions. However, these approaches often face challenges such as high costs, significant energy consumption, and negative environmental impacts. In contrast, nanofluids, as a modern technology, play a significant role in controlling asphaltenes due to their unique features such as high specific surface area, nanoscale size, and the ability to interact with various substances. Silica and alumina nanoparticles reduce surface free energy and prevent asphaltene aggregation, titania nanoparticles possess photocatalytic properties for asphaltene degradation, carbon nanotubes and graphene offer high adsorption capacity, and magnetic nanoparticles provide easy separation—making them all efficient options.

Nanofluids not only help reduce asphaltene instability but also improve the rheological properties of oil and lower operational costs. However, challenges such as high production costs, scalability, and environmental impacts require further research. Overall, nanofluids, as an innovative and sustainable solution, have brought a transformation to the oil industry.