Analyzing the Influence of Electric Vehicle Deployment on the Distribution Grid in the Presence of Demand-Responsive Loads

چکیده

 In today's technologically advanced world, the evolution of sophisticated platforms has played a pivotal role in enabling the efficient deployment of smart grid systems. These technological innovations allow energy operators to more effectively monitor and control consumer energy usage patterns. A key aim of such advancements is to shift electricity demand from peak periods to off-peak hours, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the power network. This load shifting also alleviates grid congestion during high-demand intervals, delivering significant advantages to both consumers and energy providers. These benefits are realized through strategies known as responsive load management. In this research, responsive load management is applied to a standard 20-bus distribution system, consisting of 3,500 branches and capable of supporting up to 2,500 electric vehicles. The proposed approach focuses on reducing the collective energy consumption cost, while taking into account user-specific tolerances for electric vehicle charging delays. The impact of various electric vehicle penetration levels 15%, 40%, and 75% has been evaluated using a genetic algorithm for optimization. The analysis reveals that by designating 20% of the system’s load as responsive, energy costs for consumers can be lowered by up to 36%. Moreover, this strategy significantly bolsters network reliability and reduces the likelihood of power outages by curbing energy use during peak demand periods. These findings highlight the potential of responsive load management in promoting a more sustainable and robust energy infrastructure