Development of 33 kV Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Silicone Insulators with Enhanced Resistance to Pollution and Dust Accumulation
کلمات کلیدی:
Nanostructured silicone, Super hydrophobicity, Leakage current, Surface pollutionچکیده
This study investigates the design and development of superhydrophobic silicone insulators using nano structuring technology to improve resistance against pollution and dust accumulation. The silicone insulator surface was modified by nanoparticle coating and three-dimensional modeling in COMSOL was employed to analyze its electrical and mechanical behavior. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the water contact angle of the nanostructured insulator increased to 163°, indicating the achievement of effective super hydrophobicity. Numerical results further revealed that the leakage current of the nanostructured silicone insulator was reduced by up to 60% compared to the conventional type. In addition, the electric field distribution on the surface significantly improved after nanocoating, resulting in reduced field concentration in critical areas. These outcomes demonstrate that nanostructured surface modification effectively minimizes pollution accumulation and leakage currents, thereby enhancing the reliability and lifespan of insulators in power networks.
دانلودها
مراجع
[1] Amin, M., Farzaneh, M. (2020). Insulator surface performance under contaminated conditions –
A review. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1653-
1666.
[2] Wang, Z., et al. (2022). Superhydrophobic silicone rubber composite insulators prepared by a
facile laser etching method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 33, pp.
9489–9501.
[3] Zhang, G., Liu, J. (2022). Electrical and surface properties of nano-modified silicone. Surface &
Coatings Technology, vol. 439.
[4] Jiang, L., Yin, X. (2018). Lotus effect and engineering applications to anti-pollution. Advanced
Materials Interfaces, vol. 5, p. 1801062.
[5] CIGRE Technical Brochure 771. (2019). Electrical insulators - pollution performance.
[6] Kim, S. H., Kim, E. A. (2016). Review of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface modification
techniques for polymeric insulators. Applied Chemistry for Engineering, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 357-
366.
[7] Azad, M. (2016). Effect of nanofillers on the performance of silicone rubber insulators under
harsh environmental conditions. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol.
23, no. 4, pp. 2112-2121.
[8] Zhang, C. (2016). Fabrication of durable superhydrophobic silicone rubber coating for outdoor
insulation applications. Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 307, pp. 1179-1185.
[9] Li, Y. (2017). Enhanced self-cleaning and anti-icing properties of silicone rubber composites with
TiO2 nanoparticles for outdoor insulation. Applied Surface Science, vol. 423, pp. 667-675.
[10] Huang, J. (2018). Superhydrophobic modification of silicone rubber for outdoor insulation using
a facile spray-coating method. Applied Surface Science, vol. 462, pp. 163-171.
[11] Khan, M. (2019). Nanostructured silicone rubber composites for enhanced electrical and
mechanical performance in high voltage insulation. Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 59, no.
2, pp. 299-309.
[12] Zhang, H. (2019). Durable superhydrophobic silicone rubber composite coatings for outdoor
insulation with enhanced anti-icing and self-cleaning properties. Progress in Organic Coatings,
vol. 135, pp. 479-487.
[13] Kumar, A. (2019). Development of superhydrophobic silicone rubber nanocomposites for high
voltage insulator applications. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol.
26, no. 5, pp. 1416-1425.
[14] Liu, Y. (2019). Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic silicone rubber coating with excellent selfcleaning and anti-icing properties for outdoor insulation. Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.
380, p. 125085.
[15] Li, B. (2020). Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic silicone rubber coatings
with improved mechanical properties for outdoor insulation. Polymer Composites, vol. 41, no. 3,
pp. 908-918.
[16] Wang, L. (2020). Superhydrophobic silicone rubber composite coating with excellent anti-icing
and self-cleaning properties for outdoor insulation. Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 403,
p. 126372.
[17] Sharma, A. (2021). Development of superhydrophobic silicone rubber nanocomposites for high
voltage insulator applications: A comprehensive study. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
[18] Zhang, X. (2021). Superhydrophobic silicone rubber coating with enhanced mechanical
properties and durability for outdoor insulation. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 138,
no. 5, p. 49729.
[19] Wang, C. (2021). Recent progress in superhydrophobic silicone rubber composites for high
voltage insulation: Challenges and future directions. Materials, vol. 14, no. 15, p. 4210.
[20] Kumar, M. (2022). Enhanced performance of superhydrophobic silicone rubber nanocomposites
for high voltage insulation applications. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, vol. 21, pp. 1-
10.
[21] Li, H. (2022). Development of durable superhydrophobic silicone rubber coatings for outdoor
insulation applications. Progress in Organic Coatings, vol. 165, p. 106755.
[22] Singh, S. (2022). Superhydrophobic silicone rubber composites for high voltage insulators: A
review of recent developments and future perspectives. Polymer Composites, vol. 43, no. 4, pp.
1879-1898.
[23] Yadav, K. (2023). Development of superhydrophobic silicone rubber nanocomposites for high
voltage insulation: A machine learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 571-580.
[24] Patel, P. (2023). Superhydrophobic silicone rubber coatings for outdoor insulators: Effect of
surface morphology and chemical composition. Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 453, p.
129288.
https://emg.bcnf.ir Page 11
[25] Verma, R. (2024). Recent advances in superhydrophobic silicone rubber composites for high
voltage insulation: A critical review. Journal of Materials Science, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1-25.
[26] Zhao, L., et al. (2024). Advanced characterization techniques for assessing the performance of
silicone rubber nanocomposites in HVDC insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 456-465.
[27] Kumar, G., et al. (2024). Development of a novel superhydrophobic and antifungal silicone
rubber composite coating for high-voltage insulators in tropical environments. Polymers, vol. 16,
no. 7, p. 987.
[28] Chen, Y., et al. (2024). Influence of nanoparticle dispersion methods on the electrical and
mechanical properties of silicone rubber composites for insulator applications. Nanomaterials,
vol. 14, no. 9, p. 753.
[29] Kim, H., et al. (2024). Sustainable approaches to enhance the hydrophobicity and durability of
silicone rubber insulators using bio-based additives. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
vol. 12, no. 15, pp. 5555-5566.
[30] Li, X., et al. (2024). Machine learning-based prediction of surface degradation of silicone rubber
insulators in outdoor environments. IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 123456-123467.
[31] Brown, M., et al. (2025). The role of nanomaterials in enhancing the performance of silicone
rubber insulators under extreme climatic conditions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol.
142, no. 1, p. e54321.
[32] Davis, A., et al. (2025). A review of the latest advances in self-healing silicone rubber composites
for high-voltage insulation. Advanced Materials Technologies, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 2400012.
[33] Wilson, C., et al. (2025). Impact of surface modification techniques on the performance of silicone
rubber insulators in marine environments. Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 495, p. 130210.
[34] Garcia, E., et al. (2025). Nanostructured silicone rubber composites for high-voltage insulators:
A comprehensive analysis of recent developments and future trends. Materials Today
Communications, vol. 44, p. 103211.
[35] Rodriguez, B., et al. (2025). Experimental and simulation analysis of the electrical performance
of nanocomposite silicone rubber insulators under accelerated aging conditions. IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 1234-1245.
[36] Patel, S., et al. (2025). A novel approach to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of
silicone rubber composites for high-voltage insulators using graphene nanoplatelets. Carbon,
vol. 240, p. 118550.
[37] IEC 60507:2013. (2013). Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.
systems. International Electrotechnical Commission.
[38] Kuffel, J., Kuffel, P. (2000). High voltage engineering: fundamentals (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
[39] Zhao, L., Hackam, R. (1997). Electrostatic modeling of polluted insulators using the finite element
method. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 321-330.
[40] Jackson, J. D. (1999). Classical electrodynamics (3rd ed.). Wiley.
[41] Greenwood, A. (1991). Electrical transients in power systems (2nd ed.). Wiley-IEEE Press.
[42] Zhou, Y., Jiang, X., et al. (2015). Superhydrophobic modification to suppress leakage current on
insulator surface. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 22, no. 4, pp.
2116–2124.
[43] Liu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, J. (2022). Improvement of hydrophobicity and pollution
flashover performance of silicone rubber insulator by one-step femtosecond laser induced
nanostructure. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 29, no. 3, pp.
981–988.
[44] Wang, L., Shi, Z., Liu, H., Zhang, F. (2019). Nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces for
improved insulation performance of silicone rubber insulators. Journal of Materials Chemistry
A, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 3825–3833.
[45] Xu, M., Li, W., Sun, X., Yang, W. (2021). Enhanced self-cleaning and anti-pollution properties of
silicone rubber enabled by hierarchical micro/nano-structures. Surface and Coatings
Technology, vol. 411, p. 126944.
[46] Zhou, Y., Hu, J., Ge, S., Chen, G. (2020). Superhydrophobic modification of silicone rubber
insulators and its effect on DC pollution flashover. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and
Electrical Insulation, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 971–978.
https://emg.bcnf.ir Page 12
[47] Li, J., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Q. (2023). Long-term stability of superhydrophobic nanostructured
silicone for outdoor insulator applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in
Electronics, vol. 34, pp. 2576–2588.
[48] Shi, Q., Qin, X., Lin, L., He, J. (2023). Self-cleaning performance and leakage current suppression
of superhydrophobic nanostructured silicone rubber insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics
and Electrical Insulation, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 330–337.
