A Kantian Reading of Othello: Duty, Deceit, and the Categorical Imperative

چکیده

This paper examines the moral and psychological dimensions of Shakespeare's Othello through the framework of Immanuel Kant's ethical philosophy, particularly focusing on the concepts of duty, self-congruence, and the categorical imperative. By analyzing the characters of Iago and Cassio, the study contrasts Iago’s calculated self-interest and manipulative detachment with Cassio’s flawed yet earnest quest for moral redemption. Iago epitomizes a radical failure of Kantian self-congruence, as evidenced by his rejection of duty, the instrumentalization of others, and the deliberate erosion of his own integrity. In contrast, Cassio’s crisis following his demotion highlights a profound concern for reputation and moral duty, aligning more closely with Kant’s ideal of autonomous moral agency, despite his occasional lapses. The paper argues that Othello presents a dramatic conflict between Kantian morality and Iago’s nihilistic arrogance, with Iago’s dehumanization of others representing a significant violation of Kant’s Formula of Humanity. Through close textual analysis and philosophical inquiry, this study illustrates how Shakespeare’s characters both reflect and resist ethical selfhood, providing a critical reflection on the fragility of moral integrity in the face of resentment, ambition, and manipulation.