Combating Anthelminthic Resistance: A Reappraisal of Management Strategies in Small Animals
Keywords:
anthelmintic resistance, small animals, management strategies, phytotherapyAbstract
Background/Objective- Anthelminthic drug resistance is a serious health threat to dogs and cats worldwide. This problem, which is caused by the widespread and sometimes inappropriate use of anthelmintic drugs, has severely reduced the effectiveness of treatment and has challenged the traditional management of parasitic infections. Therefore, it seems necessary to review and implement new management strategies to combat this phenomenon and maintain the effectiveness of existing drugs.
Method- A comprehensive systematic review of scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024 in reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. The main keywords used were "anthelmintic resistance", "small animals", "dogs", "cats", and "management strategies". The articles were extracted and analyzed in a structured manner based on predefined screening criteria and data related to resistance mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and new management protocols.
Results- The results of this systematic review showed that anthelmintic resistance to multiple drug classes, including benzimidazoles, cyclic macrolides, and pyrantel, has been widely reported in roundworm and hookworm populations in dogs and cats. Studies have confirmed the prevalence of resistant genotypes, especially in infections with the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum, which are associated with specific mutations in the genes encoding beta-tubulin and other molecular targets. In addition, nanotechnology has shown significant potential to overcome resistance mechanisms by increasing the bioavailability and targeting of existing drugs. At the same time, initial studies on herbal compounds (phytotherapy) containing secondary metabolites have introduced their synergistic and altruistic effects as promising complementary or alternative options. Furthermore, the results emphasize that single-drug management strategies and subtherapeutic doses have contributed significantly to the selection and expansion of these resistant populations.
Conclusion- Combating anthelminthic resistance requires a paradigm shift towards integrated management. Careful monitoring strategies, smart drug rotation, adherence to hygiene principles, and the use of new technologies such as nanomedicines and complementary herbal compounds should replace reliance solely on periodic treatments.
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