Review of optimization solutions for zero-energy buildings with the approach of using renewable energies

Abstract

In recent years, environmental concerns and increasing energy demand have promoted the idea of zero-energy buildings. These types of buildings are designed to be efficient in fossil energy consumption and decarbonization, and operate by combining optimization strategies and renewable technologies. In this research, by reviewing the latest research in the field of zero-energy buildings, emerging technologies such as photovoltaic-thermal panels, multi-generation systems, solar energy integration with thermal storage, and fuel cells are reviewed and evaluated. Valid research also demonstrates the fact that the use of hybrid approaches and appropriate design can lead to high efficiency, pollution reduction, and economic optimization. The aim of this article is to determine the research and design paths towards buildings with net zero energy consumption and can help researchers and designers in the process of developing sustainable buildings and looking to the future.