دادخواهی اقلیمی: بررسی امکان طرح دعاوی جمعی علیه دولت‌ها و شرکت‌ها به نمایندگی از نسل‌های آینده در حقوق ایران
Keywords:
دادخواهی اقلیمی, حقوق نسل سوم, اخلاق زیست‌محیطی, نسل‌های آیندهAbstract
بحران اقلیمی به‌عنوان یکی از چالش‌های بنیادین بشر در دهه‌های اخیر، ضرورت بازاندیشی در قلمرو حقوق بشر و مسئولیت‌های دولت‌ها و شرکت‌ها را آشکار ساخته است. این مقاله با تمرکز بر نوآوری در بهره‌گیری از مفاهیم حقوق نسل سوم و اخلاق زیست‌محیطی، به بررسی امکان طرح دعاوی جمعی علیه دولت‌ها و شرکت‌ها به نمایندگی از نسل‌های آینده در حقوق ایران می‌پردازد. روش تحقیق به‌صورت توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اسنادی انجام گرفته است. در بخش نخست، مبانی نظری مرتبط با حقوق نسل سوم و مسئولیت بین‌نسلی در حوزه محیط زیست بررسی شده و نمونه‌هایی از تجارب بین‌المللی در زمینه دادخواهی اقلیمی تحلیل می‌شود. در بخش دوم، ظرفیت‌ها و چالش‌های حقوق ایران از جمله اصول قانون اساسی، قوانین زیست‌محیطی و امکان طرح دعاوی جمعی در نظام آیین دادرسی مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که هرچند نظام حقوقی ایران فاقد نص صریح برای پذیرش دعاوی به نمایندگی از نسل‌های آینده است، اما با اصلاح قوانین و تقویت جایگاه سازمان‌های مردم‌نهاد می‌توان زمینه‌های تحقق دادخواهی اقلیمی را فراهم ساخت. نوآوری این پژوهش در ترکیب رویکرد حقوقی و اخلاقی، و ارائه راهکارهایی برای توسعه عدالت زیست‌محیطی و حمایت از حقوق بین‌نسلی در ایران است.
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