پیشرفتهای نوین در مهندسی مواد دوبعدی: از گرافن تا MXenes و کاربردهای آینده
Keywords:
مواد دوبعدی, گرافن, MXenes, دیکلکوژنیدهای فلزات واسطهAbstract
مواد دوبعدی (2D)طی دو دهه گذشته به عنوان یکی از مهمترین کلاسهای مواد نوین مورد توجه گسترده محققان قرار گرفتهاند. از زمان کشف گرافن در سال 2004، خانواده بزرگی از مواد دوبعدی شامل دیکلکوژنیدهای فلزات واسطه (TMDs)، MXenes، نیترید بور ششضلعی (h-BN)و سایر ساختارهای لایهای توسعه یافتهاند. این مواد به دلیل خواص منحصر به فردی نظیر مساحت سطح بالا، هدایت الکتریکی و حرارتی استثنایی، انعطافپذیری مکانیکی، و قابلیت تنظیم خواص الکترونیکی، کاربردهای گستردهای در زمینههای ذخیرهسازی انرژی، کاتالیز، الکترونیک، و زیستپزشکی پیدا کردهاند. این مقاله مروری جامع به بررسی آخرین پیشرفتها در زمینه مهندسی مواد دوبعدی میپردازد. در ابتدا، روشهای سنتز مقیاسپذیر شامل رسوبگذاری شیمیایی بخار (CVD)، تقشر مایع، و سنتز شیمیایی مرطوب بررسی میشود. سپس، خواص و کاربردهای گرافن و مشتقات آن، MXenes )بهویژه(Ti3C2Tx ، و TMDs مورد تحلیل قرار میگیرد. کاربردهای این مواد در باتریهای یونی، ابرخازنها، کاتالیزگرهای تکامل هیدروژن، و سیستمهای الکترونیکی انعطافپذیر نیز بررسی میشود. در نهایت، چالشهای موجود و چشمانداز آینده این حوزه تحقیقاتی مورد بحث قرار میگیرد. نتایج نشان میدهد که مواد دوبعدی پتانسیل بالایی برای انقلاب در فناوریهای انرژی پاک و الکترونیک نسل آینده دارند.
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