بررسی اندرکنش خاک و سازه و تأثیر آن بر طراحی لرزهای ساختمانهای بلند: مروری بر مطالعات اخیر.
Keywords:
اندرکنش خاک و سازه, سازههای بلند, میراگر ویسکوز, طراحی لرزهایAbstract
اندرکنش خاک و سازه (SSI) تأثیر بسزایی بر عملکرد لرزهای ساختمانهای بلند، بهویژه در مناطقی با خاکهای نرم یا محیطهای شهری پرتراکم، دارد. این مقاله با مروری جامع بر مطالعات اخیر، اثرات مثبت و منفی SSI بر سازهها را بررسی میکند. درحالیکه SSI میتواند در شرایط خاص نیازهای لرزهای را کاهش دهد، در بسیاری از موارد باعث افزایش تغییرمکانهای جانبی، دریفتهای بینطبقهای و تنشهای فونداسیون، بهویژه در خاکهای نرم، میشود. برای درک بهتر این اثرات و ارائه راهبردهای کاهش آسیب، از تکنیکهای مدلسازی پیشرفته نظیر شبیهسازیهای المان محدود، روشهای احتمالاتی و آزمایشهای تجربی در مقیاس بزرگ استفاده شده است. یافتههای کلیدی بر اهمیت طراحی بهینه فونداسیون، چیدمان مؤثر سازهای و بهکارگیری دستگاههای اتلاف انرژی در بهبود عملکرد لرزهای تأکید دارند. این مطالعه همچنین بر ضرورت ادغام ملاحظات SSI در آییننامههای طراحی لرزهای و کاربردهای عملی مهندسی تأکید کرده و راهکارهایی در زمینه طراحی سیستمهای فونداسیون ویژه، تکنیکهای پیشرفته جداسازی لرزهای و ضرایب اصلاح پاسخ مبتنی بر ریسک ارائه میدهد. با هدف پر کردن شکاف میان تحقیقات نظری و کاربردهای عملی، این پژوهش به ارتقای مقاومت و پایداری ساختمانهای بلند در مناطق لرزهخیز اختصاص یافته است.
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