Comprehensive Bioequivalence Analysis of Naproxen 500 mg in Human Plasma Using Advanced LC-MS/MS Techniques
Keywords:
Naproxen, LC-MS/MS, bioequivalence, human plasma, analytical method validation, pharmacokinetics, EMEA guidelines, ICH M10, calibrationAbstract
This study presents a detailed bioequivalence analysis of naproxen 500 mg tablets through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in human plasma samples. The methodology adhered to EMEA and ICH M10 guidelines, focusing on specificity, carry-over effects, lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), calibration curve linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effects, and stability. Calibration was established over a concentration range of 0.5–96 ppm, yielding robust linearity (R² > 0.99). Analytical validation indicated LLOQ as 0.5 ppb, with a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 10, ensuring sensitivity for bioequivalence assessment. Precision and accuracy were evaluated for intra-day and inter-day variability across low, medium, and high QC levels, achieving relative standard deviations (RSDs) within acceptable limits (<15%). Stability testing, including freeze-thaw, short-term, and long-term conditions, confirmed method reliability. Matrix effect evaluations demonstrated minimal interference, with extraction recovery exceeding 95%. Pharmacokinetic profiling revealed key metrics such as Cmax and Tmax, confirming bioequivalence between test and reference formulations. The results validate the robustness and applicability of the proposed LC-MS/MS method for bioequivalence studies, contributing to high-throughput analytical workflows in pharmaceutical research.
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References
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