Role of Liposomal Nanocarriers Containing Medicinal Plant Extracts in Wound Healing

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and tightly regulated biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Disruption of these phases may lead to chronic wounds characterized by persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, delayed re-epithelialization, and increased susceptibility to infection in both human and veterinary medicine. Chronic wounds represent a major clinical challenge due to their multifactorial pathophysiology, microbial resistance, and poor response to conventional therapies. These limitations have driven the development of novel drug delivery systems, particularly in nanomedicine. Liposomal nanocarriers are phospholipid-based vesicles capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. These systems enhance the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of bioactive agents while enabling controlled and sustained drug release. Additionally, liposomes improve dermal penetration, increase local drug concentration, and reduce systemic toxicity. Medicinal plants such as Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Calendula officinalis, and curcumin-rich extracts exhibit strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-regenerative properties. However, their clinical application is limited by poor stability and low bioavailability. The integration of liposomal nanocarriers with phytochemicals offers a synergistic therapeutic strategy that enhances wound healing through modulation of inflammatory, oxidative, and proliferative pathways.