Pathogenic Bacteria, Biofilms, and Quorum Sensing: Emerging Non-Antibiotic Strategies Against Healthcare-Associated

Abstract

Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse microorganisms on Earth, occupying virtually every ecological niche. While many species play essential roles in maintaining human and environmental health, pathogenic bacteria pose severe threats to global public health, primarily through their ability to cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). These infections are frequently linked to contaminated medical devices such as catheters, implants, and ventilators.

Disruption of QS through quorum quenching represents a promising therapeutic alternative, as it prevents biofilm maturation without exerting selective pressure that promotes resistance. Similarly, nanoparticles and phage therapy have demonstrated potential in degrading biofilms and enhancing bacterial susceptibility to treatment