The European Union's Strategy towards China: Balancing Economic Engagement and Geopolitical Rivalry

Abstract

The relationship between the European Union and China stands as one of the most intricate international interactions, situated at the intersection of economic cooperation and geopolitical competition. This study aims to analyze the European Union's strategies towards China, examining how it navigates the balance between economic interdependence and the imperative of achieving strategic autonomy. Employing a qualitative approach and content analysis of official EU documents, international reports, and academic studies, this research delves into the dynamics of bilateral relations from historical, economic, and geopolitical perspectives. The findings indicate that the European Union simultaneously perceives China as a key partner in trade, a competitor in technological domains and global influence, and a systemic rival in values and norms. Tensions such as asymmetry in market access, human rights concerns, and competition in strategic technologies have created obstacles to cooperation, while opportunities such as extensive trade and collaboration on climate change persist. This study argues that the European Union's strategy, influenced by internal factors, such as the divergence of member states' perspectives, and external factors, such as China-United States relations, necessitates greater coordination and the strengthening of strategic autonomy. The results of this research underscore the pivotal role of the European Union in shaping the global order.